The US government isn't doing enough to fight the surge in cyberscams, and partnerships with the private sector remain fragmented and voluntary, an investigation into the global scam industry led by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress has found.
The government doesn't even have a unified accounting of how much money has been seized from overseas scam compounds, nor how much has been returned to victims, according to the report, released Tuesday by ranking Democrats Senator Maggie Hassan and Rep Don Beyer.
Citing findings from a yearlong investigation into global scams by The Associated Press and FRONTLINE, the report called for greater collaboration across agencies, support for victims, and deeper private sector engagement.
"Transnational criminal organisations run massive compounds that exploit US technology, including AI, to carry out scams against Americans with devastating consequences," Hassan said in an email.
"The scale of this exponentially growing challenge requires Congress, the Administration, and the private sector to all strengthen their efforts."
The report, which the AP obtained before its release, made clear how hard it is for scam victims to get their money back, despite the quickening pace of seizures announced by a variety of US government agencies.
The FBI told the committee that it returned USD 336 million to scam victims in 2025.
The Federal Trade Commission reported that it had returned USD 1.83 billion to fraud victims in fiscal year 2025, but couldn't determine how much of that money had been lost to overseas scam compounds.
The US Secret Service returned more than USD 770 million in seized assets to fraud victims in fiscal years 2024 and 2025, but noted the money had come from a range of fraud schemes.
The US State Department said that foreign law enforcement agencies that receive support from the department had seized proceeds "in the low hundreds of millions of dollars," but told Congress to ask the Departments of Justice, Homeland Security and Treasury for details.
Taken together, that only adds up to a fraction of what victims have lost. Americans reported cyberfraud losses of nearly USD 18 billion - that's more than USD 2 million an hour - last year to the FBI. Many don't even report the crime.
The report also expressed concern that even as criminal scam networks expand into more countries, US State Department cutbacks eliminated at least one anti-scam programme in Bangladesh, which had been training local law enforcement to conduct cyberfraud investigations.
Bangladesh is an emerging hub for global scam operations, according to a report last month by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime that was funded by the European Union.
The US State Department, which said it has 60 employees in the US and Asia who dedicate significant time to fighting overseas scam compounds, told the committee that it "has the tools it needs to combat the threat internationally".
The report urged Congress to pass pending legislation that would mandate a unified federal strategy to combat scams and establish a central location for victims to report losses and seek help. The White House has also advocated for greater federal coordination.
Several Justice Department officials told Congress that private sector companies should focus more on scam prevention, but US regulators and lawmakers have so far not created clear incentives for them to do so.
Unlike the 27-nation EU, the United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore, the United States has stopped short of holding technology, telecommunications or financial services companies potentially liable if they fail to do enough to protect consumers from scams.
Kate Griffin, a director at the Aspen Institute's financial security programme, said that there has been important progress, but the US still lacks "durable, sustainable scam prevention".
"We don't see that showing up yet in reduced victimisation," she said. "And that's what really needs to happen."