Portable solar kits handed out as humanitarian aid are helping people in disaster zones and refugee camps stay cool and connected.
Every day, Mohammed Saber places a single rectangular solar panel on the roof of the bamboo-and-tarpaulin shack that he and his family have called home for years. It was the last stop on their journey after fleeing the Myanmar military’s brutal crackdown on the Rohingya in 2017.
Since they were given it six years ago, the portable panel has been the family's primary source of electricity, making daily life much easier in the camp for displaced people in Teknaf, Bangladesh.
"We can now charge our phones, cook with light, children can study at night and use fans during the hot season,” says Saber, 35.
From the flood zones of Nepal to refugee camps in Africa, experts say that solar energy is increasingly becoming part of disaster relief as technology improves, costs fall and humanitarian organisations recognise that having access to electricity is a fundamental need.
Renewable energy solutions are needed more than ever, they say, as climate change drives and intensifies extreme weather while wars, sanctions and political upheavals keep fossil fuel prices volatile.
Solar energy kits are portable, rechargeable and grid-independent
When disasters strike and humanitarian needs surge, solar kits can become an invaluable resource, says Sarah Rosenberg-Jansen, a research fellow at the Stockholm Environment Institute, an independent research and policy institute specialising in sustainable development.
These solar kits – all-in-one, compact units that use solar panels and are not reliant on utility companies – are easy to move and recharge, according to Rosenberg-Jansen.
“In emergency situations, solar kits can be deployed immediately,” she says, adding that they are particularly useful in situations with rapidly rising floodwaters, changing front lines in a conflict, or for moving around in areas where damaged roads make it difficult to travel.
In terms of function, the kits can be "anything from solar lanterns to solar home systems, solar torches, solar heating pads, to electric cook stoves that use solar as their energy source,” she says.
Lower costs of solar energy helped its role in disaster relief
Rosenberg-Jansen also points out that solar panels are not prone to price shocks like fossil fuels, which can be difficult and costly to transport to a disaster zone.
Only a few decades ago, solar energy was a luxury, she adds, but as technology evolved, mindsets and the price tag changed. Now it's more affordable, thanks to the scaling up of mass manufacturing and technology advancement.
It's also so much easier to use, says Yuriy Boyechko, CEO of Hope For Ukraine, a nonprofit based in the United States that provides solar kits to families living in war-torn Ukraine.
“We have grandmas and grandpas who are around 75-80 years old... receiving kits,” says Boyechko. “It’s just a matter of plug and play.”
Solar panels are becoming more common now.
On the outskirts of Karachi, Pakistan's economic hub, a tuberculosis clinic run by Doctors Without Borders uses solar energy. In South Sudan's Renk county, the UN migration agency installed solar-powered water filtration systems for families displaced by the war in neighbouring Sudan.
And after Nepal's massive floods in August that killed 1,455 people and left 5,285 missing – including hundreds of foreign nationals – solar kits were distributed by local and international organisations, including Australia-based charity SolarBuddy.
Funding issues and bureaucracy are still obstacles in disaster relief
Mark Gibson from Global Platform for Action, or GPA, which promotes affordable, reliable and clean energy access, says that integrating solar energy hasn't come without difficulties.
Aid agencies have had time-tested systems in place, which often include diesel generators as part of long-term leases and agreements. Switching to solar means having to trust new systems and setting up new distribution chains, sometimes in risky environments.
Recent slashes in international donor funding have also undermined – or completely erased – new practices that were starting to take root, says Aimee Jenks, a programme leader at GPA.
“Much of the technical expertise in the humanitarian sector on energy has been cut,” she says. “That’s now retracting a lot of progress.”
And while the cost of solar energy has decreased, it's still prohibitive for many.
Boyechko, of Hope For Ukraine, says that by the end of 2026, his nonprofit will have distributed over 3,200 kits.
“But it took us two years to get to that number, because of funding needs,” he says. ”We have a waiting list of about 20,000 families. We just cannot keep up with demand.”
While no energy source is perfect, the move towards renewable energies is likely to decrease reliance on polluting fossil fuels.
For Saber, whose family is among more than one million refugees from Myanmar’s Rohingya ethnic and religious minority now living in Bangladesh, the kit means keeping the lights on.
“It’s improved my family’s life,” he says.